Many tried and true methods of library science have changed due to advances in technology and reduced budgets, but librarians continue to adapt. The materials we collect have changed, and in many libraries and many situations, electronic materials are preferred over print. Since a plethora of information is now at our fingertips, it is perhaps difficult even to define “reference.” Reference materials are no longer just indexes and dictionaries, but online subscription databases, non-fiction books, and free Internet sources. In an academic or public library, many younger patrons may never think to pick up a reference book; for them, Google is ready reference.

Carol Singer’s Fundamentals of Managing Reference Collections, part of the ALA Fundamentals series, is a concise outline of all things reference, both traditional and contemporary. It addresses questions such as “How should collection maintenance be prioritized?” “How should we publicize online resources?” “Should we add free internet resources to our holdings?” There are unique aspects to dealing with online resources that require librarians to consider their unique characteristics, such as the user interface, search features, and quality of mobile access. Electronic resources offer (in many cases) simultaneous usage, 24/7 off-site availability, and a greener way to update editions. However, selection may be complicated by aggregated databases and consortium memberships.