www.idi.ntnu.no/grupper/su/publ/phd/aalberg-thesis.pdf

Chapter nine (“The FRBR application,” pp. 149–72) of this thesis by Trond Aalberg provides a very good background on the FRBR model, including a detailed chart listing the FRBR typology (relationships between each of the attributes).²

www.ercim.org/publication/Ercim_News/enw66/aalberg.html

This article by Trond Aalberg appeared in ERCIM News in 2006. In it, Aalberg discusses the BIBSYS FRBRized prototype at http://november.idi.ntnu.no/frbrized (Scandinavian National Bibliographic Database).³

http://hul.harvard.edu/∼stephen/Model.doc

According to abstract, the author Stephen Abrams, of Harvard University, examines a FRBR-like taxonomic model and an OAIS-like information model to digital library objects.

www.loc.gov/catdir/bibcontrol/beacom_paper.html

This paper by Matthew Beacom is an early examination of the problems in cataloging with electronic resources.⁴ Beacom lists twelve changes to AACR2 to adapt it to the digital resources environment, in which FRBR is specifically mentioned.

http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1141753.1141812

This resource (by George Buchanan, the Association for Computing Machinery [ACM] Digital Library) details an implementation of FRBR in the Greenstone digital-software environment and is one the few discussions I have found regarding FRBR in relation to the digital arena.

http://mustard.tapor.uvic.ca/cocoon/ach_abstracts/xq/xhtml.xq?id=206

http://mustard.tapor.uvic.ca/cocoon/ach_abstracts/xq/pdf.xq?id=206

In this presentation (by J. Stephen Downie, Allen Renear, Adam Mathes, Karen Medina, David Dubin, Jin Ha Lee, all of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) at the ACH/ALLC (Association for Computers and the Humanities/Association for Literary and Linguistic Computing) 2005 Conference (University of Victoria, British Columbia, June 15–18, 2005), the presenters discuss Maria-Louise Ayres's work with MusicAustralia to incorporate Dublin Core and FRBR in a digital repository, specifically in regard to music information retrieval.

www.ffos.hr/lida/lida2003/presentations/frbr3.ppt

This PowerPoint presentation outlines an application of the FRBR model for rare books and electronic resources. The presentation, by Tinka Katic and Sofija Klarin, was part of Libraries in the Digital Age (Dubrovnik and Mljet, Croatia, May 26–30, 2003).

In this article that appeared in a 2006 issue of Library Resources & Technical Services the author, Olivia M. A. Madison, discusses how the FRBR model can be used to design search mechanisms that users are more comfortable with and that can access digital resources.⁵

www.fao.org/agris/aos/Workshops/China_AAOS/ppt/3-1.ppt

This PowerPoint presentation (Peking: Peking University, 2004) by Lai Maosheng and Yang Xiudan outlines work on metadata schemas and FRBR models in China.

www.lib.virginia.edu/digital/reports/DLMRPGroupReport.htm

www.lib.virginia.edu/digital/metadata/index.html

This “report” from May 2003 describes a DTD (document type definition) using a FRBR-based model (known as DescMeta and FRBR/uvametadata) developed at the University of Virginia Libraries.

www.hum.gu.se/allcach2004/AP/html/prop111.html

This presentation by Julia Flanders and Syd Bauman (Brown University) was presented at the Joint International Conference of the Association for Literary and Linguistic Computing and the Association for Computers and the Humanities (ALLC/ACH 2004: Computing and Multilingual, Multicultural Heritage, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden, June 11–16, 2004). It provides a look at FRBR from the humanities computing perspective and in relation to XML markup.

www.mulberrytech.com/Extreme/Proceedings/html/2003/Lawton01/EML2003Lawton01.html

This examination of the FRBR model in relation to XML documents, by Allen Renear, Christopher Phillippe, Pat Lawton, and David Dubin (presented at Extreme Markup Languages 2003, Montreal, Canada, August 4–8, 2003) indicates debate about whether FRBR is a manifestation or an expression. The authors contend that an XML document has a double aspect, depending upon intention and context.

http://dc2003.ischool.washington.edu/Archive-03/03renear.pdf

This presentation by Allen Renear and David Dubin was presented at a Dublin Core 2003 Conference (Supporting Communities of Discourse and Practice, Metadata Research & Applications, Seattle, WA, 2003). It outlines a discussion about the BECHAMEL XML Semantics Project, which looks at identity conditions for a document as well as relationships with the IFLA/FRBR entities.

http://www.nelinet.net/edserv/conf/cataloging/serials/allgood.ppt

A presentation by Everett Allgood delineates FRBR's application to continuing resources, such as serials and integrating resources (2003 NELINET, Bibliographic Services Conference, Worcester, Massachusetts, November 21, 2003).

www.lib.unc.edu/cat/mfh/serials_approach_frbr.pdf

This document (revised March 22, 2004) is one of a number of CONSER (a task force on universal holdings) documents examining the FRBR model as applied to serials.

http://eprints.rclis.org/archive/00002604/01/identifying_LRTS.pdf

This 2004 article by Kristin Antelman in Library Resources & Technical Services provides an extensive and fascinating history of the serial record, focusing on how the FRBR model would need to work with these types of resources.⁶ It includes an excellent bibliography as well.

www.lib.ncsu.edu/presentations/2004NASIG/NASIG2004.ppt

Kristin Antelman's presentation at the 2004 North American Serials Interest Group (NASIG) Annual Conference in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, discusses second-generation electronic-resource management systems and how they will incorporate FRBR.

www.dlib.org/dlib/july99/caplan/07caplan.html

This 1999 article by Priscilla Caplan and William Y. Arms appeared in D-Lib Magazine and serves as an early reference to FRBR implementation related to electronic linking to journal articles.⁷

www.loc.gov/acq/conser/FRBR-TFjan03.html (ALA Mid-winter 2003)

www.loc.gov/acq/conser/FRBR-TF-June2003.html (ALA Annual 2003)

The two URLs listed above include the minutes of the CONSER task force meetings at two different ALA events. The meetings were held to discuss aspects and challenges of implementing FRBR as well as to discuss various issues related to serials and FRBR.

www.unc.edu/∼lamours/papers/FRBR.doc

This paper by Selden Durgom Lamoureux examines how current serials cataloging practices will be affected by FRBR.

In this 2004 article in Serials Librarian, the author, Chris Oliver, wonders why all the focus has shifted to FRBR, when the discussion really centers on format variation when it comes to serials issues.⁸

http://nccuslis.org/conted/serials2005/Rosenberg.ppt

Frieda Rosenberg's presentation to the North Carolina Serials Conference (April 2005) examines why our current library catalogs consistently fail to identify serials and what FRBR will do to help remedy the situation.

www.nasig.org/newsletters/newsletters.2005/05sept/05sept_other_serials_news.html

Craig K. Thomas's article in the September 2005 NASIG newsletter serves as a review of a demonstration of the VTLS/FRBR prototype (presented to the New England Technical Services Librarians [NETSL] Spring 2005 meeting, College of the Holy Cross, Worchester, MA).⁹ The article also examines some of the challenges FRBR poses for serials.

http://academics.hamilton.edu/conferences/musicandtech/Presentations/Catalog-Enhancements.ppt

This PowerPoint presentation by John Anderies (music librarian, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania) was presented at the Conference on Music & Technology in the Liberal Arts Environment (Hamilton College, Clinton, New York) on June 22, 2004. It provides an examination of FRBR implementation from the music perspective, and it discusses the ONIX metadata standard and the Bibliographic Enrichment Advisory Team (BEAT) at the Library of Congress.

www.yorku.ca/caml/en/review/33-3/both_worlds.htm

This article by Alastair Boyd (Robarts Library, University of Toronto) appeared in a 2005 issue of CAML Review (“the official organ of the Canadian Association of Music Libraries, Archives, and Documentation Centres”).¹⁰ Boyd's article provides a look at how controlled-access points were easier in the print-based card catalog (as opposed to the loss of controlled-access points in the move toward electronic interfaces, which are now widely utilized for content access) and discusses how FRBR may provide some needed direction to improve the situation.

http://home.hio.no/∼bagheri/Master_thesis/Music_and_FRBR.pdf

This interesting master's thesis (which includes a Java program on disc; only the text is available online) by Marte Brenne (Oslo University College, Norway) looks at a FRBR implementation directly related only to music. It discusses the Merged AudioVisual Information System (MAVIS), developed by Wizard Information Systems in Australia, which is currently in use by the Norwegian National Library for Norwegian Jazz Items. The ninety-nine-page document also includes an extensive bibliography as well as a helpful historical reiteration of bibliographic records.

This chapter by Patrick Le Bœuf in the book Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR): Hype, or Cure-All? provides an enjoyable look at how musical works might interact in an FRBR-based catalog.¹¹

http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/units/cts/olac/conferences/2000/vellucci.ppt

This PowerPoint file was part of a presentation by Sherry L. Vellucci (Associate Professor, Division of Library and Information Science, St. John's University) at the 2000 Music and Media at the Millennial Crossroads: Special Materials in Today's Libraries Conference of OLAC (Online Audiovisual Catalogers) and MOUG (Music OCLC Users group) held in Seattle. The presentation examines all of the musical derivatives and objects in the current digital environment, including music information retrieval (MIR), music-notation retrieval, digital scores, digital-sound recordings, and much more. Additionally, the thirty-six-slide file outlines some discussion of FRBR and even more discussion on metadata standards and issues.

http://conferences.alia.org.au/online2001/papers/digital.issues.iiib.html

Renato Iannella, chief scientist at IPR systems, authored this conference paper presented at Information Online 2001 (Australian Library and Information Association). The online iteration of the document is a fascinating examination of digital rights management (DRM) that focuses on a number of standards, including XML, PICS, RDF, Dublin Core, ODRM, ODRL, and even some FRBR, and features excellent graphics.

www.dlib.org/dlib/june01/iannella/06iannella.html

In this article that appeared in 2001 issue of D-Lib Magazine, Iannella explains how FRBR would assist in DRM architectures as a content model and shows how OzAuthors online ebook store (out of Australia) illustrates this architecture.¹²

www.w3.org/2000/12/drm-ws/pp/iprsystems-iannella.html

www.w3.org/2000/12/drm-ws/pp/iprsystems-iannella.pdf

This position paper by Iannella for a W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) DRM Workshop (January 22, 2001) illustrates FRBR as a DRM metadata model for open digital rights management.

www.nmis.isti.cnr.it/gennaro/publications/ichim01.pdf

This paper (available from the proceedings of the 6^th ICHIM Conference, Milan, Italy, September 3–7, 2001) by Giuseppe Amato, Claudio Gennaro, and Pasquale Savino describes the “European CHronciles On line” (ECHO) Digital Library, built as a digital repository for old historical documentary films. The ECHO Metadata Model is built around FRBR concepts.

www.nmis.isti.cnr.it/gennaro/publications/mir02.pdf

This online document by Giuseppe Amato, Claudio Gennaro, and Pasquale Savino (Instituto di Elaborazione della Informazione, Pisa, Italy) provides a closer examination of the ECHO Metadata model based on FRBR.

www.schemas-forum.org/metadata-watch/d29/d29.htm

www.schemas-forum.org/metadata-watch/d29/d29.pdf

The above URLs provide access to a detailed report and analysis of current metadata and standards development by the Forum for Metadata Schema Implementers for the SCHEMAS project (April 2002). The report contains information related to more activity and knowledge of FRBR when it first became fairly popular around 2002.

http://wiki.musicbrainz.org/FRBR

A wiki that provides an overview of FRBR (as FRBR relates to music content), this online content-collaboration tool is maintained by MusicBrainz (http://musicbrainz.org), “a community music metadatabase that attempts to create a comprehensive music information site.”

www.scils.rutgers.edu/∼miceval/progress/asist04_poster.doc

This short paper (2004) by Ying Zhang, Judy Jeng, and Yuelin Li examines the application of the FRBR model to the Moving Image Collections (MIC), an integrated online catalog of moving images distributed among various collaborative organizations in the United States. The document identifies the four user tasks identified by FRBR in the design, implementation, and evaluation of this digital collection.

http://swiki.dlese.org/nsdl2003/uploads/37/ying3.ppt

www.scils.rutgers.edu/∼miceval/progress/NSDL_present3.ppt

www.scils.rutgers.edu/∼miceval/progress/NSDL_handout.doc (handout)

This PowerPoint presentation and handout (2004) by Ying Zhang and Yuelin Li illustrates many of the concepts and decisions that went into producing MIC.

www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewContainer.do?containerType=Issue&containerId=13484 (subscription only)

This 2004 article in the Journal of Documentation by Ya-ning Chen and Shu-jiun Chen (Computing Centre, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan) provides a look at the application of FRBR at the National Palace Museum in Taipei.¹³

www.mcn.edu/conference/Mcn2005/SessionPapers/MetadataStandardsInternational_Chen.pdf

This paper by Shu-Jiun Chen was presented at the Museum Computer Network (MCN) 2005 Conference in Boston. It's a graphics-filled, colorful, and very complex presentation about work being done to create infrastructure and metadata management for a number of cultural heritage collections in Taiwan. Page ten shows a graphic of the FRBR-based metadata format (CDWA) for the National Palace Museum, discussed in the article listed above (“A Metadata Practice of the IFLA FRBR Model: A Case Study for the National Palace Museum in Taipei”).

www.sinica.edu.tw/∼metadata/bibliography/proceeding/paper/drh2001pp.pdf

Another short paper (2002) by Ya-ning Chen and Shu-jiun, this document discusses the application of the FRBR model to the Academia Sinica collection of Chinese rubbings, one of the largest and most valued locations for these objects in the world.

www.sinica.edu.tw/∼metadata/bibliography/proceeding/paper/asist2002pp.pdf

This paper by Ya-ning Chen, Simon C. Lin, and Shu-jiun Chen was presented at The 65^th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Information Science & Technology (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 2002). It provides much more detail on the FRBR implementations on the National Palace Museum in Taipei, related to the Journal of Documentation article cited above (www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewContainer.do?containerType=Issue&containerId=13484, subscription only).

www.nii.ac.jp/dc2001/proceedings/product/paper-08.pdf

www.olaweb.org/org/pathfinder.html (handout)

This brief paper by Simon C. Lin, Shu-jiun Chen, and Yi-teng Chang (Computing Centre, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan) and Shai-lan Hu (National Palace Museum, Taipei, Taiwan) is archived online in the Proceedings of the 2001 International Conference on Dublin Core and Metadata Applications. The paper provides a very interesting explanation of how FRBR has been applied to Chinese painting and calligraphy collections in Taipei. Extensive graphics in the document show how the authors separated out the various relationships and attributes for specific use with these collections and objects. The handout (www.olaweb.org/org/pathfinder.html), “Functional Requirements of Bibliographic Records: A Theoretical Model for Evaluating the Contents of Bibliographic Records in Terms of Users' Needs,” provides a very brief overview of FRBR.

www.holygoat.co.uk/projects/images

This online document (August–September 2005) by Richard Newman is a work in progress; it discusses the evolution of the FRBR ontology, the modeling of images on the Semantic Web, how FRBR might be applied to images by the author, and moving the FRBR ontology into the realm of image annotation.

www.folger.edu/bsc/dcrb/wg6.doc

This preliminary draft (January 2003) for discussion at the 2003 Descriptive Cataloging of Rare Materials Conference (Yale University, March 10–13, 2003) by John Attig discusses issues regarding AACR2 integration with FRBR concepts in the area of rare books and manuscripts cataloging.

This chapter by Gunilla Jonsson (Deputy Director, Head, Department for Collection Development & Documentation, Kungl. Biblioteket, the National library of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden) in the book Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR): Hype, or Cure-All? (editor Patrick Le Bœuf) discusses why the FRBR model has difficulties in describing hand-press materials and proposes limiting the expression entity to a more general level for these objects.¹⁴

www.ifla.org/IV/ifla68/papers/052-133e.pdf

This short paper by Gunilla Jonsson is archived online in the proceedings of the 68^th IFLA Council and General Conference (Glasgow, Scotland, August 18–24, 2002). It examines three major cataloging codes under revision in 2002 (AACR, the Italian RICA, and the German RAK) and how movement toward a FRBR model might be developed, especially in the area of moving from manifestation records to work records.

www.stk.cz/elag2001/Papers/TinkaKatic/TinkaKatic.ppt

This lengthy PowerPoint presentation by Tinka Katic was presented at IELAG 2001: Integrating Heterogeneous Resources (Prague, June 2001). In it, the author discusses a number of examples in rare book cataloging to indicate how the FRBR model might be implemented and applied consistently.

This chapter in the book Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR): Hype, or Cure-All? (editor Patrick Le Bœuf) by David Miller and Patrick Le Bœuf proposes a tentative FRBR model of performing arts objects as bibliographic entities, based on current practice at the Dance Heritage Coalition in New York and the Departement des Arts du Spectacle at the Bibliothèque nationale de France.¹⁵

www.eso.org/gen-fac/libraries/lisa4/Baglioni.pdf

This very brief paper by Roberto Baglioni and Antonella Gasperini is archived online in the proceedings of the 2002 Library and Information Services in Astronomy IV (Charles University, Prague, July 2–5, 2002) and examines the application of RDF, Dublin Core, and FRBR on the Arcetri Astrophysics Observatory library catalogue. (Article editors include Brenda G. Corbin, Elizabeth P. Bryson, and Marek Wolf, US Naval Observatory, Washington, DC, 2003.)

www.pro.tsv.fi/stks/seminar/gradmann.pdf

This eighteen-page document by Dr. Stefan Gradmann (Regionales der Universität Hamburg) was presented at Challenge of the Electronic Environment to the Organization of Information of Knowledge: An International Seminar on Subject Access to Information (Finnish Research Library Association, 2004) and serves as a sometimes complex presentation on various aspects of the Semantic Web; the author looks at combining RDF and FRBR into a type of frbr:rdfs model.

This chapter by Dr. Gradmann in the book Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR): Hype, or Cure-All? (editor Patrick Le Bœuf) provides an expansion of the presentation cited above, using FRBR and RDF to integrate library catalogs into the Semantic Web.¹⁶

www1.uni-hamburg.de/RRZ/S.Gradmann/How_digital_will_libraries_ever_be.pdf

This fourteen-page presentation by Gradmann was presented at the International Conference for Information (Bratislava, 2003). It reflects on combining library catalogs with the World Wide Web and mentions FRBR as a bridge to the Semantic Web.

www.moebiustrip.org/277/final.html

This article by Jillian C. Wallis (University of Southern California at Los Angeles, June 14, 2004), discusses how a new layer would need to be added on to the MARC XML structure, related to the FRBR model, in order to aggregate all of the holdings and descriptive data to produce a union catalog on the Semantic Web.

www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewContentItem.do?contentType=Article&hdAction=lnkhtml&contentId=864231 (abstract)

In this 2003 article by Shoichi Taniguchi in the Journal of Documentation, the author takes a technology-based approach to designing a conceptual model for the cataloging process.¹⁷

This 2004 article by Shoichi Taniguchi in the Journal of the American Society for Information Science & Technology serves as a proposal for changes in cataloging rules in order to move toward a more conceptual model of the cataloging process and catalogers' tasks.¹⁸

www.nla.gov.au/nla/staffpaper/2005/boston1.html

This paper by Tony Boston, Bemal Rajapatirana, and Roxanne Missingham was presented at the Information Online 2005 Conference (National Library of Australia). It describes the 2004 launched search service known as “Libraries Australia,” which is based on FRBR concepts for the records and incorporating the four user tasks in the implementation of the searching service.

http://alia.org.au/publishing/alj/54.1/full.text/rajapatirana.missingham.html

This is a case study by Bemal Rajapatirana and Roxanne Missingham that appeared in a 2004 issue of the Australian Library Journal and was submitted to a seminar on FRBR run by the Australian Committee on Cataloguing.¹⁹

This chapter by Yann Nicolas in the book Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR): Hype, or Cure-All? (editor Patrick Le Bœuf) examines the FRBR model for oral tradition resources. The author states that FRBR can help distinguish works from manifestations, but notes there are problems with the notion of expression and with the notion of version with these types of objects.²⁰

http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/units/cts/olac/conferences/2004/carlyle.ppt

http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/units/cts/olac/conferences/2004.html#carlyle (report by Nancy Babb on Carlyle's presentation)

The PowerPoint presentation by Allyson Carlyle (http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/units/cts/olac/conferences/2004/carlyle.ppt) was presented at the OLAC (Online Audiovisual Catalogers) 2004 Annual Conference and discusses what FRBR can do for nonprint materials. It also identifies some of the challenges that will be caused by implementing a FRBR model for these objects. The presentation provides some real-life examples of application and problems and focuses especially on issues regarding expressions of nonprint materials. Babb's report on this keynote presentation to the 2004 OLAC Annual Conference provides helpful insights as well.

www.vtlseug.ch/common_files/LeBœuf_20040916.pps

This presentation (September 2004) by Patrick Le Bœuf for the VTLS European Users' Group is a doozy! A colorful PowerPoint presentation, this document serves as a very nice explanation of FRBR Groups and entities and features flashy animations to illustrate a practical implementation of FRBR. It discusses the various FRBR implementations currently available, including Virtua, AustLit Gateway, RedLightGreen, the FRBR Display of the Library of Congress, and FictionFinder.